
1 Model Bias

Solution: Redesign model to make it more flexible

2 Optimization Issue

Model Bias v.s. Optimization Issue
- Start from shallower network (or other models), which are easier to optimize.
- If deeper networks do not obtain smaller loss on training data, then there is optimization issue.

3 Overfitting
A more complex model yields lower error on training data.
But large loss on testing data.

Solution
- More training data

- Data Augmentation


Fully-Connected is more flexible,
CNN is relatively less flexible, and the constrain is relatively large.
Too much constrain back to model bias

4 Bias-Complexity Trade-off

Solution: Cross Validation

N-fold Cross Validation

5 Mismatch
Your training and testing data have different distributions.
